Hariho ibibazo bimwe byihariye muburyo bwo gusudira ibyuma bidasa nkibibuza iterambere ryayo, nkibigize hamwe nimikorere ya zone fusion zone itandukanye.Ibyinshi byangiritse kumiterere yo gusudira ibyuma bidasa bibera muri fusion zone.Bitewe no gutandukanya ibintu bitandukanye biranga gusudira muri buri gice hafi ya fusion zone, Biroroshye kandi gukora urwego rwinzibacyuho rufite imikorere mibi nimpinduka mubigize.
Byongeye kandi, kubera umwanya muremure ku bushyuhe bwo hejuru, urwego rwo gukwirakwiza muri kariya gace ruzaguka, bizarushaho kongera ubusumbane bw’icyuma.Byongeye kandi, iyo ibyuma bidasa na byo bisudwa cyangwa nyuma yo kuvura ubushyuhe cyangwa gukora ubushyuhe bwo hejuru nyuma yo gusudira, usanga akenshi usanga karubone kuruhande ruto-rwimuka “yimuka” ikanyura kumupaka weld kugera kumasemburo maremare cyane, ikora ibice bya decarburisation kuri impande zombi z'umurongo wo guhuza.Na karburisiyasi, icyuma fatizo kigizwe na decarburisation kuruhande rwo hasi, kandi carburisation ikora kumurongo muremure wa weld.
Inzitizi n'inzitizi zo gukoresha no guteza imbere ibyuma bidasa bigaragarira cyane cyane mubice bikurikira:
1. Ku bushyuhe bwicyumba, imiterere yubukanishi (nka tensile, ingaruka, kunama, nibindi) byumwanya uhuriweho hamwe wibyuma bidasa nubusanzwe nibyiza kuruta ibyuma fatizo bigomba gusudwa.Nyamara, ku bushyuhe bwinshi cyangwa nyuma yigihe kirekire cyo gukora ku bushyuhe bwinshi, imikorere yakarere ihuriweho ni munsi yicyuma fatizo.ibikoresho.
2. Hariho zone yinzibacyuho ya martensite hagati ya austenite weld nicyuma cya pearlite.Aka karere gafite ubukana buke kandi ni hejuru-gukomera cyane.Nibice bidakomeye bitera kunanirwa no kwangirika.Bizagabanya imiterere yo gusudira.kwiringirwa gukoreshwa.
3. Kwimuka kwa karubone mugihe cyo gutunganya ubushyuhe nyuma yo gusudira cyangwa gukora ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bizatera kwibumbira mubice bya karburize hamwe na decarburize kumpande zombi zumurongo wa fusion.Muri rusange abantu bemeza ko kugabanuka kwa karubone murwego rwa decarburize bizatera impinduka zikomeye (muri rusange kwangirika) mumiterere n'imikorere y'akarere, bigatuma aka gace gakunze kunanirwa hakiri kare mugihe cya serivisi.Kunanirwa ibice byinshi byubushyuhe bwo hejuru murwego rwa serivisi cyangwa mugeragezwa byibanze murwego rwa decarburisation.
4. Kunanirwa bifitanye isano nibihe nkigihe, ubushyuhe hamwe no guhangayika.
5. Kuvura ubushyuhe nyuma yo gusudira ntibishobora gukuraho igabanuka ryimyanya isigaye mukarere.
6. Inhomogeneité yimiterere yimiti.
Iyo ibyuma bidasa neza birasudwa, kubera ko ibyuma kumpande zombi zogusudira hamwe nibisigisigi bivangwa na weld biragaragara ko bitandukanye, mugihe cyo gusudira, ibyuma shingiro nibikoresho byo gusudira bizashonga kandi bivange.Uburinganire bwo kuvanga buzahinduka hamwe no guhindura inzira yo gusudira.Impinduka, hamwe no kuvanga uburinganire nabwo buratandukanye cyane kumyanya itandukanye yumutwe wasuditswe, bikavamo inhomogeneité yimiti yimiti ihuriweho.
7. Kudahuza imiterere yimiterere.
Bitewe no guhagarika imiterere yimiti yibihuru, nyuma yo guhura nubushyuhe bwo gusudira, inzego zitandukanye zigaragara muri buri gace kamwe kegeranye, kandi inzego zubuyobozi zikomeye cyane zigaragara mubice bimwe.
8. Guhagarika imikorere.
Itandukaniro ryimiterere yimiti nuburyo bwa metallografiya yingingo zasudiwe zizana imiterere yubukanishi butandukanye hamwe.Imbaraga, ubukana, plastike, ubukana, imiterere yingaruka, ubushyuhe bwo hejuru, hamwe nigihe kirekire cyibice bitandukanye kuruhande rusudira biratandukanye cyane.Uku kutagira ubudahangarwa bukomeye butuma uduce dutandukanye twibumbiye hamwe twitwara bitandukanye cyane mubihe bimwe, hamwe n’intege nke hamwe n’ahantu hakomeye hagaragara.Cyane cyane mubihe by'ubushyuhe bwo hejuru, ibyuma bidasa nibyuma bisudira biri mubikorwa mugihe cya serivisi.Kunanirwa hakiri kare bibaho.
Ibiranga uburyo butandukanye bwo gusudira mugihe cyo gusudira ibyuma bidasa
Uburyo bwinshi bwo gusudira burashobora gukoreshwa mugusudira ibyuma bidasa, ariko mugihe uhisemo uburyo bwo gusudira no gushyiraho ingamba zikorwa, hagomba gusuzumwa ibiranga ibyuma bidasa.Ukurikije ibisabwa bitandukanye byicyuma fatizo hamwe nogusudira, gusudira fusion, gusudira igitutu nubundi buryo bwo gusudira byose bikoreshwa mugusudira ibyuma bidasa, ariko buriwese afite ibyiza nibibi.
1. Gusudira
Uburyo bukoreshwa cyane bwo gusudira fusion muburyo butandukanye bwo gusudira ibyuma ni gusudira electrode arc gusudira, gusudira arc gusudira, gusudira gaze ikingira arc, gusudira electroslag, gusudira kwa plasma arc, gusudira ibiti bya elegitoronike, gusudira laser, nibindi kugirango ugabanye umuvuduko, gabanya fusion Ikigereranyo cyangwa kugenzura ingano yo gushonga yibikoresho byibanze bitandukanye, gusudira kumashanyarazi ya elegitoronike, gusudira laser, gusudira kwa plasma arc nubundi buryo hamwe nubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwubushyuhe bushobora gukoreshwa.
Kugirango ugabanye ubujyakuzimu bwinjira, ingamba zikoranabuhanga nka arc itaziguye, insinga yo gusudira ya swing, strip electrode, hamwe nizindi nsinga zidafite ingufu.Ariko uko byagenda kose, mugihe cyose ari gusudira fusion, igice cyicyuma fatizo kizahora gishonga muri weld kandi gitera umuvuduko.Hiyongereyeho, intermetallic compound, eutectics, nibindi nabyo bizashyirwaho.Kugirango hagabanuke izo ngaruka mbi, igihe cyo gutura cyuma mumazi cyangwa ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bugomba kugenzurwa no kugabanywa.
Nubwo, nubwo bigenda bikomeza kunozwa no kunoza uburyo bwo gusudira hamwe nuburyo bwo gutunganya, biracyakomeye gukemura ibibazo byose mugihe cyo gusudira ibyuma bidasa, kuko hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwibyuma, ibisabwa bitandukanye, nuburyo butandukanye.Mubihe byinshi, birakenewe kotsa igitutu gusudira cyangwa ubundi buryo bwo gusudira bukoreshwa mugukemura ibibazo byo gusudira byingingo zidasanzwe zisa.
2. Gusudira igitutu
Uburyo bwinshi bwo gusudira bwumuvuduko ushyushya ibyuma gusa kugirango bisudwe kuri plastiki cyangwa ntubishyuhe, ariko ushyireho igitutu runaka nkibintu byingenzi.Ugereranije no gusudira fusion, gusudira igitutu bifite inyungu zimwe mugihe cyo gusudira ibyuma bidasa.Igihe cyose ifishi ihuriweho yemerera kandi ubuziranenge bwo gusudira bushobora kuzuza ibisabwa, gusudira igitutu akenshi ni amahitamo yumvikana.
Mugihe cyo gusudira igitutu, isura yimbere yibyuma bidasa birashobora gushonga cyangwa ntibishobora gushonga.Ariko, kubera ingaruka zumuvuduko, kabone niyo haba hari icyuma gishongeshejwe hejuru, kizasohoka kandi gisohore (nka flash welding na friction welding).Gusa mubihe bike Iyo icyuma gishongeshejwe kiguma nyuma yo gusudira igitutu (nko gusudira ahantu).
Kubera ko gusudira k'umuvuduko bidashyuha cyangwa ubushyuhe bwo gushyuha buri hasi, burashobora kugabanya cyangwa kwirinda ingaruka mbi ziterwa nubushyuhe bwumuriro kumiterere yicyuma cyibanze kandi bikarinda kubyara ibice bivangavanze.Uburyo bumwe bwo gusudira gusudira burashobora no gukanda intermetallic compound zakozwe zivuye hamwe.Mubyongeyeho, ntakibazo cyimpinduka mumiterere yicyuma gisudira cyatewe no guhindagurika mugihe cyo gusudira.
Nyamara, uburyo bwinshi bwo gusudira bwingutu bufite ibisabwa muburyo bumwe.Kurugero, gusudira ahantu, gusudira hamwe, no gusudira ultrasonic bigomba gukoresha ingingo zifatika;mugihe cyo gusudira guterana, byibuze igihangano kimwe kigomba kugira umubiri uzunguruka;gusudira guturika birakoreshwa gusa murwego runini ruhuza, nibindi. Ibikoresho byo gusudira byumuvuduko ntibiramenyekana.Nta gushidikanya ko bigabanya urugero rwo gusaba gusudira.
3. Ubundi buryo
Usibye gusudira hamwe no gusudira igitutu, hariho uburyo bwinshi bushobora gukoreshwa mu gusudira ibyuma bidasa.Kurugero, gushakisha ni uburyo bwo gusudira ibyuma bidasa hagati yicyuma cyuzuza nicyuma fatizo, ariko ibyaganiriweho hano nuburyo bwihariye bwo gushakisha.
Hariho uburyo bwitwa fusion welding-brazing, ni ukuvuga, icyuma gishonga-cyuma-fatizo cyicyuma cyuruhande rwicyuma kidasa nicyuma cyahujwe, kandi uruhande rwo hejuru-rushonga-ruguru rwicyuma.Kandi mubisanzwe icyuma kimwe nkibikoresho byo hasi byo gushonga ibikoresho bikoreshwa nkugurisha.Kubwibyo, uburyo bwo gusudira hagati yicyuma cyuzuza nicyuma cyo hasi cyo gushonga icyuma fatizo nicyuma kimwe, kandi ntakibazo kidasanzwe.
Igikorwa cyo gushakisha kiri hagati yicyuma cyuzuza nicyuma cyo hejuru cyo gushonga.Icyuma fatizo ntigishonga cyangwa koroha, gishobora kwirinda ibibazo byinshi byo gusudira, ariko icyuma cyuzuza gisabwa kugirango kibashe gutobora neza ibyuma fatizo.
Ubundi buryo bwitwa eutectic brazing cyangwa eutectic diffusion brazing.Ibi ni ugushyushya ubuso bwibintu bisa nubushyuhe runaka, kuburyo ibyuma byombi bigize eutectic yo hasi-gushonga-hejuru kuri contact.Eutectic yo hasi-gushonga-isukuye ni ubushyuhe kuri ubu bushyuhe, mubyukuri ihinduka ubwoko bwumugurisha bidakenewe uwagurishije hanze.Uburyo bwo gushakisha.
Byumvikane ko, ibi bisaba gushiraho e-ectectic yo hasi-gushonga-hagati ya byuma byombi.Mugihe cyo gukwirakwiza gusasa ibyuma bidasa, hongeweho ibikoresho byo hagati, hanyuma ibikoresho byo hagati bigashyuha munsi yumuvuduko muke wo gushonga, cyangwa gukora eutectic yo hasi yo gushonga ihuye nicyuma cyo gusudira.Igice gito cyamazi cyakozwe muriki gihe, nyuma yigihe runaka cyo kubika ubushyuhe, bituma ibintu bigereranijwe bishonga.Iyo ibikoresho byose byaciriritse byakwirakwijwe mubintu fatizo kandi bigahuzwa, icyuma kidasa nicyuma kidafite ibikoresho bigereranijwe.
Ubu bwoko bwuburyo buzatanga umusaruro muke wibyuma byamazi mugihe cyo gusudira.Kubwibyo, byitwa kandi icyiciro cyamazi yinzibacyuho.Ikintu bahuriyemo nuko nta miterere ya casting ihuriweho.
Ibintu ugomba kwitondera mugihe cyo gusudira ibyuma bidasa
1. Reba imiterere yumubiri, ubukanishi nibigize imiti yo gusudira
. gusudira kugirango uhuze imbaraga zingana.Imbaraga nibindi bisabwa gukomera.
(2) Kora ibiyigize byose bivanze cyangwa byegeranye nibikoresho fatizo.
.Birasabwa gukoresha calcium titanium oxyde electrode.Niba bidashobora gukemurwa, hydrogène yo mu bwoko bwa sodium yo mu bwoko bwa welding irashobora gukoreshwa.
2. Reba uko akazi gakorwa n'imikorere yo gusudira
.Ubwoko bwa hydrogène nkeya, ubwoko bwa calcium titanium na electrode yo mu bwoko bwa electrode bigomba guhitamo icyarimwe.
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3. Reba ubunini bwimiterere rusange yo gusudira, gukomera, gutegura kuvunika gusudira hamwe nu mwanya wo gusudira.
.Inkoni zo gusudira zifite imbaraga zikomeye zo guhangana zigomba gutoranywa, nk'ibiti byo gusudira bya hydrogène nkeya, inkoni yo gusudira cyane cyangwa inkoni yo gusudira ibyuma.
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4. Reba ibikoresho byo gusudira
Ahantu hatari imashini yo gusudira DC, ntabwo ari byiza gukoresha inkoni zo gusudira zifite amashanyarazi make ya DC.Ahubwo, gusudira inkoni hamwe na AC na DC bitanga amashanyarazi bigomba gukoreshwa.Ibyuma bimwe (nka pearlitis ibyuma birwanya ubushyuhe) bigomba gukuraho imihangayiko yubushyuhe nyuma yo gusudira, ariko ntibishobora kuvurwa nubushyuhe bitewe nuburyo bwibikoresho (cyangwa imbogamizi zubatswe).Inkoni yo gusudira ikozwe mu bikoresho bidafite ishingiro (nk'icyuma cya austenitike idafite ibyuma) igomba gukoreshwa aho, kandi kuvura ubushyuhe nyuma yo gusudira ntabwo ari ngombwa.
5. Tekereza kunoza uburyo bwo gusudira no kurengera ubuzima bwabakozi
Iyo electrode ya acide na alkaline ishobora kuzuza ibisabwa, electrode ya acide igomba gukoreshwa bishoboka.
6. Reba umusaruro w'umurimo no gushyira mu gaciro mu bukungu
Mugihe cyibikorwa bimwe, tugomba kugerageza gukoresha inkoni yo gusudira ya acide ihendutse aho gukoresha alkaline yo gusudira.Mu nkoni yo gusudira acide, ubwoko bwa titanium n'ubwoko bwa titanium-calcium nibyo bihenze cyane.Nkurikije uko umutungo w’amabuye y’igihugu cyanjye uhagaze, icyuma cya titanium kigomba kuzamurwa cyane.Inkoni yo gusudira.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira-27-2023