Intangiriro
Nkuko umubiri wikinyabiziga aricyo gitwara ibindi bice byikinyabiziga, tekinoroji yacyo yo gukora igena neza ubwiza bwikinyabiziga.Gusudira ninzira yingenzi yo gukora mubikorwa byo gukora umubiri wimodoka.Kugeza ubu, tekinoroji yo gusudira ikoreshwa mu gusudira umubiri w’imodoka harimo ahanini gusudira aho kurwanya, gusudira MIG, gusudira MAG no gusudira laser.
Tekinoroji yo gusudira ya Laser nk'ikoranabuhanga rigezweho rya optoelectromechanical ihuza tekinoroji yo gusudira, ugereranije na tekinoroji gakondo yo gusudira umubiri wimodoka, ifite ibyiza byo gukwirakwiza ingufu nyinshi, umuvuduko wo gusudira byihuse, guhangayikishwa no gusudira no guhindura ibintu, no guhinduka neza.
Imiterere yumubiri wimodoka iragoye, kandi ibiyigize ahanini ni urukuta ruto kandi rugoramye.Imashini yo gusudira yimodoka ihura ningorane zimwe, nkimpinduka mubintu byumubiri, ubunini butandukanye bwibice byumubiri, inzira zitandukanye zo gusudira hamwe nuburyo bufatanije.Byongeye kandi, gusudira kumodoka kumodoka bifite ibisabwa byinshi muburyo bwiza bwo gusudira no gukora neza.
Ukurikije ibipimo bikwiye byo gusudira, gusudira laser birashobora kwemeza imbaraga zumunaniro mwinshi hamwe ningaruka zikomeye zingingo zingenzi zigize umubiri wimodoka, kugirango habeho ubuziranenge bwo gusudira hamwe nubuzima bwa serivisi bwumubiri wimodoka.Tekinoroji yo gusudira ya Laser irashobora guhuza nuburyo butandukanye bufatanije, ubunini butandukanye nubwoko butandukanye bwibintu byimodoka yo gusudira, kugirango bikemure byoroshye gukora mumodoka.Kubwibyo, tekinoroji yo gusudira ya laser nuburyo bukomeye bwa tekiniki kugirango tugere ku iterambere ryiza ry’inganda zitwara ibinyabiziga.
Tekinoroji yo gusudira ya Laser yumubiri wimodoka
Laser deep penetration welding tekinoroji yumubiri wimodoka
Ihame rya lazeri yimbitse yo gusudira (Isanamu 1) nuburyo bukurikira: iyo ubucucike bwa lazeri bugeze kurwego runaka, ubuso bwibintu bumuka, bigakora urufunguzo.Iyo umuvuduko wibyuka byumuyaga mumwobo ugeze kuringaniza imbaraga hamwe numuvuduko uhagaze hamwe nubushyuhe bwubuso bwamazi akikije, lazeri irashobora kumurikirwa munsi yumwobo unyuze mu rufunguzo, kandi hamwe nigikorwa cya lazeri, bikomeza gusudira.Mugihe cya laser yimbitse yo gusudira, ntampamvu yo kongeramo flux cyangwa kuzuza, kandi ibikoresho byakazi birashobora gusudira hamwe.
FIG.Igishushanyo mbonera cya laser yimbitse yo gusudira
Isuderi yabonetse na laser yimbitse yo gusudira muri rusange iroroshye kandi igororotse, kandi guhindura ni bito, bifasha kunoza imikorere yimikorere yumubiri wimodoka.Imbaraga ndende cyane yo gusudira itanga ubuziranenge bwo gusudira kumodoka.Umuvuduko wo gusudira urihuta, ufasha kunoza umusaruro wo gusudira.
Mubikorwa byo gusudira kumodoka, gukoresha uburyo bwo gusudira bwa laser byimbitse birashobora kugabanya cyane umubare wibice, ibishushanyo nibikoresho byo gusudira, bityo bikagabanya uburemere bwumubiri nigiciro cyo gukora.Nyamara, uburyo bwo gusudira bwimbitse bwa laser bufite kwihanganira nabi icyuho cyo guteranya ibice byasuditswe, kandi icyuho cyo guterana kigomba kugenzurwa hagati ya 0.05 na mm 2.Niba icyuho cyo guterana ari kinini cyane, gusudira inenge nka pore bizabaho.
Ubushakashatsi bugezweho bwerekana ko gusudira hamwe nubuso bwiza, inenge nke zimbere hamwe nubukorikori buhebuje bushobora kuboneka muguhindura ibipimo byimikorere ya laser byinjira cyane mu gusudira mubintu bimwe byumubiri wimodoka.Ibikoresho byiza bya mashini ya weld birashobora guhuza ibikenerwa byo gusudira kumubiri wimodoka.Nyamara, muburyo bwo gusudira kumodoka, tekinoroji idasanzwe ya laser yimbitse yo gusudira ikoreshwa na aluminiyumu hamwe nicyuma ntabwo bikuze.Nubwo gusudira hamwe nibikorwa byiza bishobora kuboneka hiyongereyeho inzibacyuho, uburyo bwo guhindura ibikoresho bitandukanye byinzibacyuho kurwego rwa IMC hamwe nuburyo bwibikorwa byabo kuri microstructure yo gusudira ntibisobanutse, kandi birakenewe ubundi bushakashatsi.
Imodoka yumubiri laser wire kuzuza inzira yo gusudira
Ihame ryibikorwa byo gusudira lazeri yuzuza ni ibi bikurikira: urugingo rusudira rukozwe mbere yo kuzuza umugozi wihariye wo gusudira muri weld cyangwa kugaburira insinga icyarimwe icyarimwe mugihe cyo gusudira laser.Ibi bihwanye no kwinjiza ibikoresho byo gusudira hafi ya homogeneous welding muri pisine yo gusudira mugihe cyo gusudira byimbitse.Igishushanyo mbonera cya laser yuzuza insinga yo gusudira irerekanwa mumashusho 2.
FIG.Igishushanyo mbonera cya laser wire yuzuza inzira yo gusudira
Ugereranije no gusudira byimbitse ya laser, gusudira insinga ya laser ifite ibyiza bibiri muburyo bwo gusudira mumodoka: icya mbere, irashobora kunoza cyane kwihanganira ikinyuranyo cyiteranirizo hagati yimibiri yimodoka igomba gusudwa, kandi igakemura ikibazo cyuko laser yinjira cyane. bisaba gusiba cyane;Icya kabiri, gukwirakwiza ibice byahantu hasudwa birashobora kunozwa ukoresheje insinga zo gusudira hamwe nibintu bitandukanye bigize ibice, hanyuma imikorere yo gusudira irashobora kugengwa.
Mubikorwa byo gukora umubiri wimodoka, inzira ya laser yuzuza uburyo bwo gusudira ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gusudira aluminiyumu hamwe nibyuma byumubiri.Cyane cyane mugikorwa cyo gusudira ibice bya aluminiyumu yumubiri wimodoka, uburemere bwubuso bwa pisine yashongeshejwe ni buto, byoroshye kuganisha ku gusenyuka kwa pisine yashonze, kandi inzira ya laser yuzuza uburyo bwo gusudira irashobora gukemura neza ikibazo cyo gusenyuka kwa pisine. mu gushonga insinga.
Laser brazing tekinoroji yumubiri wimodoka
Ihame ryibikorwa bya lazeri nuburyo bukurikira: lazeri ikoreshwa nkisoko yubushyuhe, urumuri rwa lazeri rumurikirwa hejuru yinsinga yo gusudira nyuma yo kwibanda, insinga yo gusudira irashonga, insinga zashongeshejwe ziratemba kandi zuzuzwa hagati ya ibice bigomba gusudwa, ningaruka za metallurgjiya nko gushonga no gukwirakwizwa bibaho hagati yicyuma cyuzuza hamwe nakazi, kuburyo igihangano cyahujwe.Bitandukanye na lazeri yuzuza uburyo bwo gusudira, inzira yo gushakisha lazeri ishonga gusa insinga kandi ntishonga igihangano cyo gusudira.Gukoresha Laser bifite gusudira neza, ariko imbaraga zingana za weld ni nke.FIG.3 yerekana ikoreshwa rya laser brazing inzira yo gusudira ibinyabiziga bitwikiriye.
FIG.3 Gukoresha lazeri mu modoka: (a) gusudira lazeri yinyuma yinyuma;(b) Igishushanyo mbonera cya laser brazing
Mubikorwa byo gusudira kumodoka, uburyo bwo guswera laser burimo gusudira cyane cyane ibice byumubiri hamwe ningufu nkeya zisabwa hamwe, nko gusudira hagati yumupfundikizo wo hejuru nurukuta rwuruhande rwumubiri, gusudira hagati yibice byo hejuru no hepfo yumutwe. igifuniko, nibindi, Volkswagen, Audi nizindi moderi zohejuru zo murwego rwo hejuru zikoresha inzira ya laser.
Inenge nyamukuru muri laser brazing welding seam yumubiri wimodoka harimo kuruma, kurigata, guhindagurika kwa weld, nibindi. Inenge zirashobora guhagarikwa kuburyo bugaragara muguhindura ibipimo byogukoresha no gukoresha inzira yibanda kuri laser.
Laser arc igizwe na tekinoroji yo gusudira yumubiri wimodoka
Ihame rya laser-arc compte yo gusudira nuburyo bukurikira: gukoresha amasoko abiri yubushyuhe bwa laser na arc kugirango ukore hejuru yumurimo wogusudira icyarimwe, igihangano kirashonga kandi kigakomera kugirango kibe icyuma.Igishushanyo cya 4 cyerekana igishushanyo mbonera cya laser-arc igizwe no gusudira.
FIG.Igishushanyo mbonera cya laser-arc igizwe no gusudira
Gusudira Laser-arc igizwe no gusudira bifite ibyiza byombi byo gusudira lazeri hamwe no gusudira arc: icya mbere, munsi yigikorwa cyamasoko yubushyuhe bubiri, umuvuduko wo gusudira uratera imbere, kwinjiza ubushyuhe ni bito, guhindagurika kwa weld ni nto, nibiranga gusudira laser Kubungabungwa;Icya kabiri, ifite ubushobozi bwo gukemura no kwihanganira icyuho cyo guterana;Icya gatatu, igipimo cyo gukomera cya pisine gishongeshejwe kiratinda, kikaba gifasha kurandura inenge zo gusudira nka pore nuduce, no kunoza imiterere nimikorere ya zone yibasiwe nubushyuhe.Icya kane, bitewe ningaruka za arc, irashobora gusudira ibikoresho bifite urumuri rwinshi hamwe nubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwumuriro, kandi ibikoresho byibikoresho ni byinshi.
Mubikorwa byo gukora umubiri wimodoka, inzira yo gusudira laser-arc igizwe cyane cyane no gusudira aluminiyumu ivanze yumubiri hamwe nibyuma bisa na aluminium-ibyuma, kandi gusudira bikorwa kubice bifite icyuho kinini cyo guterana, nko gusudira ibice bya umuryango wimodoka, kubera ko icyuho cyiteranirizo gifasha gukina imikorere yikiraro cya laser-arc compte welding.Hiyongereyeho, laser-MIG arc igizwe na tekinoroji yo gusudira nayo ikoreshwa kumurongo wo hejuru wumurongo wumubiri wa Audi.
Mubikorwa byo gusudira kumodoka, gusudira laser-arc compite yo gusudira bifite inyungu zo kwihanganira icyuho kinini kuruta gusudira laser imwe, ariko umwanya ugereranije wa laser na arc, ibipimo byo gusudira laser, ibipimo bya arc nibindi bintu bigomba gusuzumwa byuzuye.Imyitwarire yo guhererekanya ubushyuhe hamwe na misa mu gusudira laser-arc iragoye, cyane cyane uburyo bwo kugenzura ingufu hamwe nubunini bwa IMC no kugenzura imiterere muburyo bwo gusudira ibintu bitarasobanutse neza, kandi birakenewe ubundi bushakashatsi.
Ibindi bikoresho byimodoka laser yo gusudira
Gusudira byimbitse ya Laser, gusiba laser wuzuza gusudira, laser laser hamwe na laser-arc composite yo gusudira hamwe nubundi buryo bwo gusudira byabaye ibitekerezo bikuze kandi byashyizwe mubikorwa byinshi.Hamwe nogutezimbere ibisabwa ninganda zikoresha amamodoka kugirango imikorere yo gusudira yumubiri hamwe no kongera icyifuzo cyibikoresho bidasa nogusudira munganda zikora amamodoka yoroheje, gusudira laser, gusudira laser, gusudira lazeri nyinshi hamwe no gusudira indege ya laser Kuri.
Inzira yo gusudira
Gusudira kwa Laser spot ni tekinoroji yo gusudira ya laser, ifite ibyiza byo kwihuta gusudira byihuse hamwe no gusudira neza.Ihame ryibanze ryo gusudira laser ni ugushira urumuri rwa lazeri kumurongo runaka kuruhande rwo gusudira, kugirango ibyuma aho bigahita bishonga, muguhindura ubucucike bwa lazeri kugirango bigere kumashanyarazi yumuriro cyangwa gusudira cyane. , iyo urumuri rwa lazeri ruhagaritse gukora, ibyuma byamazi bigaruka, bigakomera kugirango bibe ingingo.
Hariho uburyo bubiri bwingenzi bwo gusudira lazeri: guswera laser spot gusudira no gukomeza gusudira laser.Gusunika laser umwanya wo gusudira laser beam imbaraga zingufu ni ndende, ariko igihe cyibikorwa ni kigufi, mubisanzwe bikoreshwa kuri magnesium alloy, aluminiyumu nibindi byuma byoroheje byo gusudira.Impuzandengo yingufu za lazeri muburyo bukomeza bwo gusudira ni ndende, igihe cyo gukora laser ni kirekire, kandi ikoreshwa cyane mugusudira ibyuma.
Kubijyanye no gusudira kumodoka, ugereranije no gusudira aho gusudira, gusudira lazeri bifite ibyiza byo kudahuza, inzira yo gusudira ahantu irashobora gushushanywa mu bwigenge, nibindi, bishobora kuzuza ibisabwa byo gusudira ubuziranenge bufite uburinganire butandukanye. ibikoresho byumubiri.
Inzira yo gusudira ya Laser
Laser swing welding ni tekinoroji nshya yo gusudira ya laser yatanzwe mumyaka yashize, ikaba yarahangayikishijwe cyane.Ihame ryikoranabuhanga ni: muguhuza itsinda rya galvanometero kumutwe wo gusudira laser, urumuri rwa lazeri rwihuta, rutondekanye kandi murwego ruto, kugirango ugere ku ngaruka zumuriro wa lazeri ujya imbere mugihe ukangura.
Inzira nyamukuru yo kuzunguruka muri laser swing yo gusudira harimo guhinduranya transvers, swing longitudinal swing, kuzenguruka kuzunguruka no kuzunguruka kutagira umupaka.Inzira yo gusudira ya laser swing ifite ibyiza byingenzi mugusudira umubiri wimodoka.Munsi yibikorwa bya laser beam swing, imigezi ya pisine yashongeshejwe ihinduka cyane.Kubwibyo, inzira ntishobora gukuraho gusa inenge idakoreshwa, kugera ku gutunganya ingano no guhagarika ububobere bwo gusudira ibintu bimwe byimodoka.Byongeye kandi, irashobora kandi kunoza ibibazo nko kuvanga bidahagije ibikoresho bitandukanye hamwe nubukanishi bubi bwabasudira mugusudira ibikoresho bitavanze byumubiri wimodoka.
Inzira yo gusudira ya Multi-laser
Kugeza ubu, optique ya fibre optique irashobora kugabanywa mumirasire myinshi ya laser hamwe na module itandukanya yashyizwe mumutwe wo gusudira.Gusudira ibiti byinshi-lazeri bihwanye no gukoresha amasoko menshi yubushyuhe mugikorwa cyo gusudira, muguhindura ikwirakwizwa ryingufu zumurongo, ibiti bitandukanye bishobora kugera kumirimo itandukanye, nka: urumuri rufite ingufu nyinshi nirwo rumuri nyamukuru, rushinzwe ubujyakuzimu gusudira;Ubucucike buke bwibiti birashobora gusukura no gushyushya hejuru yibikoresho, kandi bikongerera kwinjiza ingufu za laser beam nibikoresho.
Ibikoresho bya galvanised imbaraga zikomeye zikoreshwa cyane mumubiri wimodoka.Tekinoroji yo gusudira ya Multi-laser irashobora kunoza imyitwarire yumwuka wumuyaga wa zinc hamwe nimyitwarire yingirakamaro ya pisine yashongeshejwe mugikorwa cyo gusudira icyuma cyometseho ibyuma, kunoza ikibazo cyimitsi, no kongera imbaraga zingana za weld.
Inzira yo gusudira Laser
Tekinoroji yo gusudira indege ya laser nubuhanga bushya bwo gusudira laser, bufite ubushobozi bwo gusudira cyane kandi bushobora gukorwa muburyo bwigenga.Ihame shingiro ryo gusudira indege ya laser ni uko mugihe urumuri rwa lazeri rwabaye kumirorerwamo ya X na Y yindorerwamo yo gusikana, Inguni yindorerwamo igenzurwa na progaramu ya progaramu yigenga kugirango igere ku gutandukanya urumuri rwa lazeri kuri Angle iyo ari yo yose.
Gusudira kwa lazeri gakondo yumubiri wimodoka ahanini bishingiye kumikorere ya syncron ya head welding head itwarwa na robot yo gusudira kugirango igere ku ngaruka zo gusudira.Nyamara, imikorere yo gusudira yumubiri wimodoka igarukira cyane kubikorwa byisubiramo byo gusubiramo imashini yo gusudira bitewe numubare munini wo gusudira hamwe nuburebure burebure.Ibinyuranyo, gusudira indege ya laser ikenera gusa guhindura Inguni yindorerwamo kugirango igere kubudozi murwego runaka.Kubwibyo, laser yindege yo gusudira irashobora kunoza cyane imikorere yo gusudira kandi ifite ibyifuzo byinshi.
Incamake n'ibyiringiro
Hamwe niterambere ryinganda zimodoka, tekinoroji yo gusudira yumubiri izakomeza gutera imbere mubice bibiri: inzira yo gusudira hamwe nikoranabuhanga ryubwenge.
Umubiri wimodoka, cyane cyane umubiri wimodoka nshya, uratera imbere mubyerekezo byoroheje.Amavuta yoroheje, ibikoresho byinshi hamwe nibikoresho bidasa bizakoreshwa cyane mumubiri wimodoka, uburyo busanzwe bwo gusudira laser biragoye kuzuza ibisabwa byogusudira, bityo rero uburyo bwo gusudira bufite ireme kandi bunoze buzahinduka inzira yiterambere.
Mu myaka yashize, uburyo bwo gusudira bwa laser bugaragara, nko gusudira laser swing, gusudira lazeri nyinshi, gusudira indege ya laser, nibindi, byabaye ubushakashatsi bwibanze nubushakashatsi bwakozwe muburyo bwo gusudira no gukora neza.Mu bihe biri imbere, birakenewe ko duhuza cyane uburyo bwo gusudira bwa lazeri bugaragara hamwe nibikoresho byoroheje hamwe n’ibikoresho bisa n’ibikoresho byo gusudira byerekana umubiri w’imodoka, gukora ubushakashatsi bwimbitse ku gishushanyo mbonera cya laser beam swing trayectory, uburyo bwibikorwa byingufu za lazeri nyinshi hamwe no kunoza imikorere yo gusudira neza, kandi ushishoze inzira ikuze yimodoka yoroheje yo gusudira.
Tekinoroji yo gusudira ya laser yumubiri wimodoka ihujwe cyane nubuhanga bwubwenge.Imyumvire-nyayo yo gusudira laser yumubiri wimodoka hamwe no kugenzura ibitekerezo byibikorwa bigira uruhare runini muburyo bwo gusudira.Ubuhanga bwubuhanga bwa laser bwo gusudira bukoreshwa cyane cyane mugutegura mbere yo gusudira igenamigambi no gukurikirana no kugenzura ubuziranenge nyuma yo gusudira.Mu gihugu ndetse no hanze yarwo, ubushakashatsi bujyanye no gusudira inenge no kugenzura imiterere yo kurwanya imihindagurikire y'ikirere buracyari mu ntangiriro, kandi tekinoroji yo kugenzura uburyo bwo guhuza imiterere ya laser ntabwo ikoreshwa mu gukora umubiri w’ibinyabiziga.
Kubwibyo, urebye ibiranga ikoreshwa rya tekinoroji yo gusudira ya laser mugikorwa cyo gusudira umubiri wimodoka, sisitemu yubwenge yo gusudira laser hamwe na sensor nyinshi zateye imbere nkibyingenzi hamwe na sisitemu yo kugenzura robot yihuta kandi yihuse. yatejwe imbere mugihe kizaza kugirango harebwe igihe nyacyo nukuri kubintu byose byubuhanga bwo gusudira bwa laser.Fungura ihuriro rya "pre-welding trayectory plan - igenamigambi ryo guhuza n'imihindagurikire yo gusudira ubuziranenge bwa interineti nyuma yo gusudira" kugirango ubashe gutunganya neza kandi neza.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira-16-2023