Imyitwarire isigaye yo gusudira iterwa no gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe butaringaniye bwo gusudira biterwa no gusudira, kwagura ubushyuhe no kugabanuka kwicyuma gisudira, nibindi, bityo kubaka gusudira byanze bikunze bizana impungenge zisigaye.
Uburyo busanzwe bwo gukuraho ibibazo bisigaye ni ubushyuhe bwo hejuru, ni ukuvuga gushyushya gusudira ku bushyuhe runaka no kubufata mu gihe runaka mu itanura rivura ubushyuhe, no gukoresha igabanywa ry’umusaruro w’ibikoresho ku bushyuhe bwinshi bwo gutera plastike ahantu hamwe na stress yimbere.Ihindagurika rya elastike rigabanuka buhoro buhoro, kandi guhindura plastike bigenda byiyongera buhoro buhoro kugirango ugabanye imihangayiko.
1.Guhitamo uburyo bwo kuvura ubushyuhe
Ingaruka zo kuvura ubushyuhe nyuma yo gusudira ku mbaraga zingana no kugabanuka kwicyuma bifitanye isano nubushyuhe bwo kuvura ubushyuhe no gufata igihe.Ingaruka zo kuvura ubushyuhe nyuma yo gusudira ku ngaruka zikomeye zicyuma gisudira ziratandukanye nubwoko butandukanye bwibyuma.
Nyuma yo gusudira ubushyuhe busanzwe bukoresha ubushyuhe bumwe bwo hejuru cyangwa ubusanzwe wongeyeho ubushyuhe bwo hejuru.Kubice byo gusudira gazi, ubushuhe hamwe nubushyuhe bwo hejuru burakoreshwa.Ni ukubera ko ibinyampeke byo gusudira gaze hamwe na zone yibasiwe nubushyuhe ari buke, kandi ibinyampeke bigomba gutunganywa, bityo hakabaho uburyo bwo kuvura bisanzwe.
Nyamara, kimwe gisanzwe ntigishobora gukuraho imihangayiko isigaye, bityo ubushyuhe bwo hejuru burasabwa kugirango ukureho imihangayiko.Ubushyuhe bumwe bwo hagati yubushyuhe bukwiranye gusa no guteranya no gusudira ibikoresho binini bisanzwe bisanzwe bya karuboni nkeya byateranirijwe kurubuga, kandi intego yabyo ni ukurandura burundu imihangayiko isigaye hamwe na dehydrogenation.
Mu bihe byinshi, ubushyuhe bumwe bwo hejuru burakoreshwa.Gushyushya no gukonjesha kuvura ubushyuhe ntibigomba kwihuta cyane, kandi inkuta zimbere ninyuma zigomba kuba zimwe.
2.Uburyo bwo kuvura ubushyuhe bukoreshwa mu mitsi
Hariho ubwoko bubiri bwuburyo bwo kuvura ubushyuhe bwumuvuduko: bumwe nubuvuzi bwubushyuhe kugirango butezimbere imashini;ikindi ni nyuma yo gusudira ubushyuhe (PWHT).Muri rusange, kuvura ubushyuhe nyuma yo gusudira ni uburyo bwo kuvura ubushyuhe bwahantu hasuditswe cyangwa ibice byasuditswe nyuma yakazi ko gusudira.
Ibirimo byihariye birimo kugabanya imihangayiko annealing, annealing yuzuye, igisubizo gikomeye, gisanzwe, gisanzwe wongeyeho ubushyuhe, ubushyuhe, kugabanya ubushyuhe buke, kuvura ubushyuhe bwimvura, nibindi.
Mu buryo bwagutse, kuvura ubushyuhe nyuma yo gusudira bivuga gusa kugabanya imihangayiko, ni ukuvuga, kugirango tunonosore imikorere yakarere ka gusudira no gukuraho ingaruka mbi nko gusudira ibisigisigi bisigaye, kugirango dushyire hamwe kandi dushyire hamwe muri rusange. n'ibice bifitanye isano munsi yicyuma cyinzibacyuho 2 yubushyuhe, hanyuma inzira yo gukonjesha kimwe.Mubihe byinshi kuvura ubushyuhe bwa postweld byaganiriweho cyane cyane kuvura ubushyuhe nyuma yo kugabanuka.
3.Intego yo kuvura ubushyuhe bwa post weld
(1).Humura gusudira gusigara.
(2).Hindura imiterere nubunini bwimiterere kandi ugabanye kugoreka.
(3).Kunoza imikorere yicyuma fatizo hamwe no gusudira hamwe, harimo:
a.Kunoza plastike yicyuma gisudira.
b.Mugabanye ubukana bwa zone yibasiwe nubushyuhe.
c.Kunoza gukomera kuvunika.
d.Ongera imbaraga z'umunaniro.
e.Kugarura cyangwa kongera imbaraga z'umusaruro wagabanutse muburyo bukonje.
(4).Kunoza ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ruswa.
(5).Kurekura imyuka yangiza mubyuma byasudutse, cyane cyane hydrogène, kugirango wirinde ko habaho gutinda.
4.Urubanza rwo gukenera PWHT
Niba ubushyuhe bwa post-weld bukenewe kugirango ubwato bwumuvuduko bugomba gutomorwa neza mubishushanyo mbonera, bisabwa na kode yububiko bwubu.
Kubikoresho byumuvuduko wogusudira, hari impungenge nini zisigaye muri zone yo gusudira, ningaruka mbi ziterwa na stress.Gusa bigaragarira mubihe bimwe.Iyo imihangayiko isigaye ihujwe na hydrogène muri weld, bizateza imbere gukomera kwagace katewe nubushyuhe, bikavamo kubyara imbeho ikonje no gutinda gutinda.
Iyo imihangayiko ihagaze isigaye muri weld cyangwa imbaraga zumutwaro mubikorwa byo gutwara imizigo ihujwe nigikorwa cyo kwangirika cyikigereranyo, irashobora gutera kwangirika, aribyo bita kwangirika.Kuzunguruka gusigara hamwe no gukomera kwicyuma biterwa no gusudira nibintu byingenzi bitera gucika intege.
Ibisubizo byubushakashatsi byerekana ko ingaruka nyamukuru yo guhindura ibintu hamwe no guhangayika gusigaye ku bikoresho byuma ari uguhindura ibyuma kuva kubora kimwe bikangirika kwangirika kwaho, ni ukuvuga kwangirika hagati yimiterere cyangwa iyindi.Birumvikana ko kwangirika kwangirika no kwangirika kwingingo zibyuma bibaho mubitangazamakuru bifite ibimenyetso biranga icyo cyuma.
Imbere yibibazo bisigaye, biratandukanye ukurikije ibigize, kwibanda hamwe nubushyuhe bwikigereranyo cyangirika, kimwe nibitandukaniro mubigize, imiterere, imiterere yubuso, imiterere yibibazo, nibindi byuma fatizo na zone yo gusudira. , kugirango ruswa ruswa Imiterere yibyangiritse irashobora guhinduka.
5.Gusuzuma ingaruka zuzuye za PWHT
Kuvura ubushyuhe nyuma yo gusudira ntabwo ari byiza rwose.Muri rusange, kuvura ubushyuhe nyuma yo gusudira ni ingirakamaro mu kugabanya imihangayiko isigaye, kandi bikorwa gusa mugihe hari ibisabwa bikomeye kugirango ruswa ibe.Nyamara, ikizamini cyingaruka zurugero rwerekana ko kuvura ubushyuhe nyuma yo gusudwa atari byiza kubukomere bwicyuma cyabitswe hamwe na zone yibasiwe nubushyuhe, kandi rimwe na rimwe kuvunika hagati yabantu bishobora kugaragara murwego rwo guhunika ingano yubushyuhe bwa weld- akarere kagizweho ingaruka.
Byongeye kandi, PWHT yishingira kugabanya imbaraga zumubiri mubushyuhe bwinshi kugirango igabanye impagarara.Kubwibyo, mugihe cya PWHT, imiterere irashobora gutakaza gukomera.Kubintu bifata muri rusange cyangwa igice cya PWHT, gusudira ku bushyuhe bwo hejuru bigomba gutekerezwa mbere yo kuvura ubushyuhe.ubushobozi bwo gushyigikira.
Kubwibyo, mugihe usuzumye niba ugomba gukora ubushyuhe nyuma yo gusudira, ibyiza nibibi byo kuvura ubushyuhe bigomba kugereranwa byimazeyo.Duhereye ku mikorere yimiterere, hari uruhande rumwe rwo kunoza imikorere, kurundi ruhande kugabanya imikorere.Urubanza rushyitse rugomba gufatwa hashingiwe ku gusuzuma byimazeyo ibintu byombi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Jun-20-2023