Kugenzura ubuziranenge bwo gusudira biterwa niki?

Ingingo y'ubumenyi 1:Guhindura ibintu hamwe nuburyo bwo guhangana nuburyo bwiza bwo gusudira

Ubwiza bwibikorwa bivuga urwego rwubwishingizi bwibicuruzwa muburyo bwo gukora.Muyandi magambo, ubwiza bwibicuruzwa bushingiye ku bwiza bwibikorwa, kandi bugomba kuba bufite ubuziranenge bwo gutunganya umusaruro kugirango butange ibicuruzwa byiza.

Ubwiza bwibicuruzwa ntabwo nyuma yo kurangiza imirimo yose yo gutunganya no guteranya, binyuze mubakozi bashinzwe ubugenzuzi bwigihe cyose kugirango bamenye ibipimo byinshi bya tekiniki, kandi babone uruhushya rwabakoresha nubwo ibisabwa byujujwe, ariko mugitangira cya inzira yo gutunganya irahari kandi ikora inzira yose yumusaruro.

Niba ibicuruzwa byanyuma byujuje ibisabwa cyangwa bidahagije biterwa nigiteranyo cyibisubizo byamakosa yose.Kubwibyo, inzira ni ihuriro ryibanze ryibikorwa, ariko kandi ihuza ryibanze ryigenzura.

Umusaruro wububiko busudira urimo inzira nyinshi, nko kwanduza no gukuraho ingese ibikoresho byicyuma, kugorora, gushyira akamenyetso, gupfunyika, gutunganya inkingi, gutunganya, guhuza imiterere yo gusudira, gusudira, kuvura ubushyuhe, nibindi. Buri gikorwa gifite ibisabwa byujuje ubuziranenge, kandi hari ibintu bigira ingaruka kumiterere yabyo.

Kubera ko ubwiza bwibikorwa bizagaragaza neza ubwiza bwibicuruzwa, birakenewe gusesengura ibintu bitandukanye bigira ingaruka kumiterere yibikorwa no gufata ingamba zifatika zo kugenzura kugirango ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa bisudwe.

Ibintu bigira ingaruka kumiterere yibikorwa byavunaguye muburyo bukurikira: abakozi, ibikoresho, ibikoresho, uburyo bwo gutunganya hamwe nibintu bitanu byumusaruro, byitwa "abantu, imashini, ibikoresho, uburyo, nimpeta" ibintu bitanu.Urwego rwingaruka za buri kintu kumiterere yibikorwa bitandukanye biratandukanye cyane, kandi bigomba gusesengurwa muburyo burambuye.

Gusudira ninzira yingenzi mubikorwa byo gusudira, kandi ibintu bigira ingaruka kumiterere yabyo nabyo ni ibintu bitanu byavuzwe haruguru.

1.Gusudiraibintu bikora

Uburyo butandukanye bwo gusudira bushingiye kubakoresha kurwego rutandukanye.

Kugirango intoki arc gusudira, ubuhanga bwo gusudira hamwe nimyitwarire yakazi yitonze nibyingenzi kugirango ubuziranenge bwo gusudira.

Kuzenguruka arc byikora gusudira, guhindura ibipimo byo gusudira hamwe no gusudira ntibishobora gutandukana nibikorwa byabantu.

Kubwoko bwose bwigice cyikora-gusudira, kugenda kwa arc kuruhande rwasuditswe nabyo bigenzurwa nuwasudira.Niba gusudira gusudira kumenyekanisha ubuziranenge ari bibi, imikorere idahwitse, ntukurikize inzira yo gusudira, cyangwa ubuhanga buke bwo gukora, tekinoroji idafite ubuhanga izagira ingaruka kumiterere yo gusudira neza.

Ingamba zo kugenzura abakozi bo gusudira nizo zikurikira:

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(2) Amahugurwa asanzwe yakazi kubasudira, kumenya amategeko yuburyo bukoreshwa, no kuzamura urwego rwubuhanga bwo gukora mubikorwa.

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Kugirango habeho umusaruro wingenzi cyangwa wingenzi gusudira, birasabwa gutekereza birambuye kubasudira.Kurugero, uburebure bwigihe cyamahugurwa yo gusudira, uburambe bwumusaruro, uko tekinike igezweho, imyaka, uburebure bwa serivisi, imbaraga zumubiri, icyerekezo, kwitabwaho, nibindi, byose bigomba gushyirwa murwego rwo gusuzuma.

2.Ibikoresho byo gusudira ibikoresho

Imikorere, ituze hamwe nubwizerwe bwibikoresho bitandukanye byo gusudira bigira ingaruka muburyo bwiza bwo gusudira.Nuburyo bugoye imiterere yibikoresho, niko urwego rwo gukanika no kwikora, niko bigenda byishingikiriza ku bwiza bwo gusudira kuri yo.

Kubwibyo, ubu bwoko bwibikoresho burasabwa kugira imikorere myiza no gutuza.Ibikoresho byo gusudira bigomba kugenzurwa no kugeragezwa mbere yo kubikoresha, kandi sisitemu yo kugenzura isanzwe igomba gushyirwa mubikorwa byubwoko bwose bwibikoresho byo gusudira.

Muri gahunda yo gusudira ubuziranenge bwo gusudira, duhereye ku kwemeza ubuziranenge bwibikorwa byo gusudira, imashini n'ibikoresho byo gusudira bigomba gukora ibi bikurikira:

(1) Kubungabunga buri gihe, kubungabunga no kuvugurura ibikoresho byo gusudira, hamwe n’ibikorwa byingenzi byo gusudira bigomba kugeragezwa mbere y’umusaruro.

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(3) Gushiraho dosiye tekinike yubuhanga bwo gusudira kugirango itange ibitekerezo byo gusesengura no gukemura ibibazo.

(4) Gushiraho uburyo bushinzwe abakoresha ibikoresho byo gusudira kugirango barebe neza igihe no gukomeza kubungabunga ibikoresho.

Byongeye kandi, imikoreshereze y’ibikoresho byo gusudira, nkibisabwa n’amazi, amashanyarazi, ibidukikije, nibindi, guhinduranya ibikoresho byo gusudira, umwanya ukenewe kugirango ukore, no guhindura amakosa nabyo bigomba kwitabwaho byimazeyo, kugirango tumenye neza ibikoresho bisanzwe byo gusudira.

3.Ibikoresho byo gusudiraikintu

Ibikoresho fatizo bikoreshwa mubikorwa byo gusudira birimo ibyuma fatizo, ibikoresho byo gusudira (electrode, insinga, flux, gaze ikingira), nibindi. Ubwiza bwibikoresho nibyo shingiro kandi nibishimangira ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa.

Kugirango hamenyekane ubuziranenge bwo gusudira, kugenzura ubuziranenge bwibikoresho fatizo ni ngombwa cyane.Mu cyiciro cya mbere cy’umusaruro, ni ukuvuga, ni ngombwa gufunga ibikoresho mbere yo kugaburira, kugira ngo umusaruro uhagarare kandi ushimangire ubuziranenge bw’ibicuruzwa.

Muri sisitemu yo gucunga neza ubudodo, kugenzura ubuziranenge bwibikoresho byo gusudira birimo ingamba zikurikira:

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(2) Gushiraho uburyo bukomeye bwo kuyobora bwo gusudira ibikoresho fatizo kugirango wirinde kwanduza ibikoresho fatizo byo gusudira mugihe cyo kubika.

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Muri make, kugenzura ibikoresho byo gusudira bigomba gushingira ku bisobanuro byo gusudira no ku rwego rw’igihugu, gukurikirana no kugenzura ubuziranenge bwabyo ku gihe, aho kwinjira gusa mu ruganda, hirengagijwe ibimenyetso no kugenzura mu gihe cyo gukora.

4.Uburyo bwo gusudira ibintu

Ubwiza bwo gusudira bushingiye cyane kuburyo bwo gutunganya, kandi bufite umwanya ugaragara mubintu bigira ingaruka kumiterere yuburyo bwo gusudira.

Ingaruka yuburyo bukoreshwa muburyo bwo gusudira buturuka ahanini kubintu bibiri, kimwe ni ugushyira mu gaciro kubikorwa;Ibindi nuburyo bukomeye bwibikorwa.

Mbere ya byose, uburyo bwo gusudira bwibicuruzwa cyangwa ibikoresho runaka bigomba gusuzumwa, hanyuma hakurikijwe ibisabwa bya tekiniki ya raporo yisuzuma ryibikorwa nigishushanyo, iterambere ryuburyo bwo gusudira, gutegura amabwiriza yo gusudira cyangwa amakarita yo gusudira , bigaragazwa muburyo bwanditse bwibipimo bitandukanye nibikorwa shingiro ryo kuyobora gusudira.Ishingiye ku kwigana ibintu bisa nkibikorwa byakozwe nigeragezwa hamwe nuburambe bwigihe kirekire bwakusanyirijwe hamwe nibisabwa bya tekiniki byihariye byibicuruzwa kandi byateguwe, ni ukureba niba ubwiza bwo gusudira shingiro ryingenzi, bufite ibiranga kwandikirwa, uburemere , ubushishozi no gukomeza.Ubusanzwe itegurwa nabatekinisiye basudira babizobereyemo kugirango barebe niba ikwiye kandi ishyize mu gaciro.

Hashingiwe kuri ibyo, kugirango harebwe uburyo bukomeye bwo gushyira mubikorwa inzira yuburyo, ntabwo byemewe guhindura ibipimo byimikorere nta shingiro rihagije, kandi niyo byaba ngombwa guhinduka, bigomba gukora inzira nuburyo bumwe.

Uburyo bwo gusudira budafite ishingiro ntibushobora kwemeza gusudira bujuje ibisabwa, ariko hamwe nuburyo bukwiye kandi bwumvikana bwagenzuwe nisuzuma, niba bidashyizwe mubikorwa, kimwe ntigishobora gusudira cyujuje ibyangombwa.Byombi byuzuzanya kandi biterwa nundi, kandi nta kintu na kimwe gishobora kwirengagizwa cyangwa kwirengagizwa.

Muri gahunda yo gusudira ubuziranenge bwo gusudira, kugenzura neza ibintu bigira ingaruka kuburyo bwo gusudira ni:

(1) Igikorwa cyo gusudira kigomba gusuzumwa hakurikijwe amabwiriza abigenga cyangwa ibipimo byigihugu.

(2) Hitamo abatekinisiye b'inararibonye bo gusudira kugirango bategure ibyangombwa bisabwa, kandi ibyangombwa bigomba kuba byuzuye kandi bikomeza.

(3) Shimangira imiyoborere nubugenzuzi ku kibanza cyo gusudira ukurikije amabwiriza yo gusudira.

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Byongeye kandi, guteza imbere amabwiriza yuburyo bwo gusudira ntabwo ari bunini, kandi hagomba kubaho gahunda yo gukemura impanuka nziza kubikorwa byingenzi byo gusudira kugirango igabanye igihombo.

5.Ibidukikije

Mubidukikije byihariye, gushingira kumiterere yo gusudira kubidukikije nabyo ni binini.Igikorwa cyo gusudira gikorerwa kenshi mu kirere cyo hanze, kikaba kigomba kwibasirwa n’imiterere karemano yo hanze (nk'ubushyuhe, ubushuhe, umuyaga n'imvura n'ikirere cya shelegi), naho mu bindi bintu, birashoboka bitera gusudira ibibazo byubuziranenge bitewe gusa nibidukikije.

Kubwibyo, hagomba kwitabwaho bimwe.Muri gahunda yo gusudira ubuziranenge bwo gusudira, ingamba zo kugenzura ibintu by’ibidukikije ziroroshye cyane, iyo ibidukikije bidahuye n’ibisabwa n’amabwiriza, nk’umuyaga munini, umuvuduko w’umuyaga urenze enye, cyangwa imvura n’urubura, ubushuhe bugereranije ni bwinshi hejuru ya 90%, irashobora guhagarika by'agateganyo imirimo yo gusudira, cyangwa gufata ingamba z'umuyaga, imvura na shelegi mbere yo gusudira;

Iyo gusudira ku bushyuhe buke, ibyuma bya karubone ntibishobora kuba munsi ya -20 ° C, ibyuma bisanzwe bivangwa ntibishobora kuba munsi ya -10 ° C, nko kurenza ubu bushyuhe, igihangano gishobora gushyuha neza.

Binyuze mu isesengura ryavuzwe haruguru ryibintu bigira ingaruka kumiterere yibintu bitanu byuburyo bwo gusudira hamwe ningamba zayo zo kugenzura n’amahame, birashobora kugaragara ko ibintu bitanu bigize ibintu bifitanye isano kandi bikambuka, kandi hagomba kubaho gutekereza kuri gahunda kandi bikomeza.