Ihame ryo gusudira rya Shield Metal Arc Welding (SMAW)

SMAW, izwi kandi nka electrode arc gusudira, nuburyo bwo gusudira fusion aho arc iterwa na electrode naho ibice byo gusudira bigashonga nubushyuhe bwa arc.Nuburyo bukoreshwa cyane kandi busanzwe bwo gusudira muri iki gihe.

Arc nikintu cyo gutwara ikirere.Arc yo gusudira ni ikintu gikomeye kandi gihoraho cyo gusohora cyakozwe muburyo bwa gaze hagati ya electrode nakazi.Mugihe cyo gusudira, electrode na weldment bihujwe na electrode ebyiri ziva mumashanyarazi.Iyo intandaro yo gusudira ya electrode ihuza ubuso bwo gusudira, umuzenguruko urafungura, kandi nini nini-ngufi nini ikorerwa icyarimwe.Kubera ko hari ukurwanya runaka kuri contact, ukurikije Q = I2Rt, hazavamo ubushyuhe bwinshi, kandi ubushyuhe buzahita bushyuha kandi bushonga umubonano.Iyo electrode yazamuwe na 2 ~ 4mm, uburyo bwa gaze hagati ya electrode na weldment iba ionisiyoneri, ikabyara electroni ikora na ion nziza.Munsi yumurimo wumuriro wamashanyarazi, electron zimuka kuri anode, na ion nziza zerekeza kuri cathode.Baragongana kandi bagahuza imbaraga, bagahindura ingufu za kinetic imbaraga zubushyuhe, bityo bikabyara urumuri rukomeye nubushyuhe bwinshi, kandi bigakora arc hagati yimpera ya electrode na weldment.

Arc ishonga impera ya electrode hamwe na weldment ihuye icyarimwe.Icyuma gisudira kirashonga kugirango kibe icyuzi gishongeshejwe, naho icyuma cya electrode gishonga kigakora igitonyanga.Ibitonyanga bishongeshejwe byinjira muri pisine yashongeshejwe nigikorwa cyingufu za rukuruzi ningufu za arc, guhuza hamwe nicyuma cya weldment, hanyuma ugakora weld nyuma yo gukomera.Mugihe cyo gusudira, igishishwa kirashonga kugirango kibe icyapa kandi havamo gaze nyinshi, irinda kandi ikavura ibyuma bya pisine byashongeshejwe.

Arc yo gusudira igizwe n'ibice bitatu: agace ka cathode, agace ka anode hamwe na arc inkingi.Agace ka cathode gasohora electron, kandi ubushyuhe buri hasi, hafi 2400K;agace ka anode kemera electron, kandi ubushyuhe buri hejuru, hafi 2600K;ubushyuhe bwo hagati bwa arc inkingi yubuso nuburebure, hafi 6000 ~ 8000K.

Iyo ukoresheje imbaraga za DC arc gusudira imbaraga (nka arc welding rectifier) ​​mugusudira, hariho uburyo bubiri bwo guhuza: guhuza kwiza no guhuza inyuma.Ihuza ryiza nuburyo bwo guhuza uburyo electrode ihujwe na electrode mbi kandi igihangano cyakazi gihujwe na electrode nziza.Kubera ko electrode nziza yemera electron kandi ikabyara ubushyuhe bwinshi, gusudira biroroshye kwinjira, ubwo buryo bwo guhuza rero bukoreshwa kenshi mugusudira ibihangano binini.Guhuza bihindagurika nuburyo bwo guhuza uburyo electrode ihujwe na electrode nziza kandi igihangano cyakazi gihujwe na electrode mbi.Kubera ko ubushyuhe butangwa na electron zasohowe na electrode mbi ari nkeya, gusudira ntabwo byoroshye gutwikwa, ubwo buryo bwo guhuza rero bukoreshwa mugusudira ibihangano bito.

Ubushyuhe butangwa na arc yo gusudira buringaniye nibicuruzwa bya voltage ya arc hamwe numuyoboro wo gusudira (urugero, Q = IUt).Mubisanzwe, voltage iri hagati yo gusudira na electrode mugihe arc yatwitse neza byitwa arc voltage, naho voltage ya arc mubisanzwe iri hagati ya 20 ~ 35V.Kuberako imbaraga za arc zihinduka gake, ubushyuhe bwa arc burahindurwa cyane muguhindura imiyoboro yo gusudira mubikorwa.

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