Gusudira arc ni iki?

Electrode arc gusudira nuburyo bukoreshwa cyane mu gusudira mu nganda.Icyuma kigomba gusudwa ni inkingi imwe, na electrode nindi nkingi.Iyo inkingi zombi zegeranye, havuka arc.Ubushyuhe buterwa no gusohora arc (bakunze kwita arc gutwikwa) bikoreshwa muguhuza electrode nibice byakazi bigashonga hanyuma bigakora weld nyuma yo guterana, kugirango ubone inzira yo gusudira hamwe ningingo ikomeye.

Igicapo 1. Amateka yo gusudira

Amateka magufi

Nyuma y’ubushakashatsi bwinshi bwo gusudira nko mu kinyejana cya 19, Umwongereza witwa Willard yabonye bwa mbere ipatanti yo gusudira arc mu 1865. Yakoresheje umuyagankuba w'amashanyarazi anyura mu bice bibiri by'icyuma kugira ngo abihuze neza, maze mu myaka igera kuri makumyabiri, Umurusiya witwa Bernard yabonye patenti yo gusudira arc.Yakomeje arc hagati ya pole ya karubone n'ibikorwa.Iyo arc yakoreshwaga nintoki binyuze mu gihimba cyibikorwa, ibihangano byo gusudira byahujwe hamwe.Mu myaka ya 1890, icyuma gikomeye cyatejwe imbere nka electrode, ikoreshwa muri pisine yashongeshejwe ihinduka igice cyicyuma.Nyamara, ogisijeni na azote mu kirere byagize okiside yangiza na nitide mu cyuma gisudira., Gutyo biganisha ku bwiza bwo gusudira.

Mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 20, akamaro ko kurinda arc kugira ngo twirinde kwinjira mu kirere byaragaragaye, kandi gukoresha ubushyuhe bwa arc mu kubora igifuniko muri electrode y’ingabo ikingira gaze byabaye uburyo bwiza.Mu myaka ya za 1920 rwagati, electrode yometseho yakozwe, itezimbere cyane ubwiza bwicyuma gisudira.Mugihe kimwe, birashobora kandi kuba impinduka zingenzi zo gusudira arc.Ibikoresho nyamukuru mubikorwa byo gusudira birimo imashini yo gusudira amashanyarazi, imashini yo gusudira hamwe na mask yo mumaso.

 Igishushanyo 2. Ihame ryo gusudira

Ihame

Arc yo gusudira ikoreshwa nimbaraga zo gusudira.Munsi yumurimo wa voltage runaka, ikintu gikomeye kandi kirambye cyo gusohora kibaho hagati ya electrode (nimpera yumugozi wo gusudira cyangwa inkoni yo gusudira) hamwe nakazi.Intangiriro yo gusudira arc ni ugutwara gaze, ni ukuvuga gaze itabogamye mumwanya arc iherereyemo ibora mo ion nziza zashizwemo neza hamwe na electron zishyizwemo nabi bitewe nigikorwa cya voltage runaka, bita ionisation.Ibi bice byombi byashizwe byerekanwe kuri poli ebyiri.Icyerekezo cyerekezo gituma gaze yaho ikora amashanyarazi kugirango ikore arc.Amashanyarazi arc ahindura ingufu z'amashanyarazi mubushuhe, bushyushya kandi bugashonga ibyuma kugirango bibe urugingo rusudutse.

Nyuma yuko arc ishishikajwe no "gutwika", inzira yo gusohora ubwayo irashobora kubyara ibice byashizwemo bikenewe kugirango bikomeze gusohoka, ibyo bikaba ari ibintu byonyine bisohora.Kandi inzira yo gusohora arc ifite voltage nkeya, umuvuduko mwinshi, ubushyuhe bwinshi na luminescence ikomeye.Hamwe niyi nzira, ingufu zamashanyarazi zihinduka ubushyuhe, ubukanishi ningufu.Welding ikoresha cyane ingufu zayo nubushyuhe kugirango igere ku ntego yo guhuza ibyuma.

Mugihe cyo gusudira, arc yaka hagati yinkoni yo gusudira nudupapuro two gusudira, gushonga ibihangano hamwe na electrode yibanze kugirango ikore ikidendezi gishongeshejwe.Muri icyo gihe, icyuma cya electrode nacyo kirashonga, kandi reaction ya chimique ibaho kugirango ibe shitingi na gaze, birinda iherezo rya electrode, ibitonyanga, pisine yashongeshejwe hamwe nicyuma cyinshi cyo gusudira.

Ibyiciro byingenzi

Uburyo busanzwe bwo gusudira arc burimo cyane cyane Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW), Welding Arc Welding (SAW), Geld Tungsten Arc Weld (GTAW cyangwa TIG welding), Plasma Arc Welding (PAW) na Welding ya Gaz Metal Arc Welding (GMAW ， MIG cyangwa MAG Welding) ) n'ibindi.

Igicapo 3. E7018 gusudira electrode

Gukingira ibyuma bya Arc Welding (SMAW)

Icyuma gikingiwe icyuma arc gusudira gikoresha electrode hamwe nakazi ko gukora nka electrode ebyiri, kandi ubushyuhe nimbaraga zumuvuduko wa arc bikoreshwa mugushonga mugace kakazi mugihe cyo gusudira.Muri icyo gihe, munsi yubushyuhe bwa arc, impera ya electrode irashonga kugirango igire igitonyanga, kandi igihangano cyashongeshejwe igice kugirango kibe urwobo rwa ova rwuzuyemo ibyuma byamazi.Icyuma gishongeshejwe hamwe nigitonyanga cyibikorwa bigize pisine yashongeshejwe.Mugihe cyo gusudira, gutwikira hamwe nicyuma ntabwo aribyo byongeweho bigashonga kandi bigakora ibintu bitari ubutare bitwikiriye ubuso bwa weld binyuze mumihindagurikire yimiti yitwa slag.Mugihe arc igenda, pisine yashongeshejwe irakonja kandi igakomera kugirango isudire.Dufite electrode zitandukanye zo gusudira kuri SMAW, moderi izwi cyane niE6010, E6011, E6013, E7016, E7018, naibyuma, icyuma, Kugaragaran'ibindi

 Igicapo 4. Gusudira arc gusudira

Welding Arc Welding (SAW)

Kuzenguruka arc gusudira nuburyo uburyo arc yaka munsi ya flux layer yo gusudira.Icyuma cya electrode ikoreshwa mugusudira arc gusudira ni insinga yambaye ubusa ihita igaburirwa nta nkomyi.Mubisanzwe, gusudira trolley cyangwa ibindi bikoresho bya mashini na mashanyarazi bikoreshwa mugutahura byimikorere ya arc mugihe cyo gusudira.Arc yo mumazi arc gusudira yaka munsi ya granular flux.Ubushyuhe bwa arc burashonga kandi bugahumeka ibice byakorwaga neza na arc yibikorwa byakazi, iherezo ryinsinga zo gusudira hamwe na flux, hamwe numwuka wibyuma nibitemba bigahinduka kugirango habeho umwobo ufunze uzengurutse arc.Gutwika muri urwo rwobo.Umuyoboro uzengurutswe na firime ya slag igizwe na slag yakozwe na flux gushonga.Iyi firime ya slag ntabwo itandukanya gusa umwuka guhura na arc hamwe na pisine yashongeshejwe, ariko kandi irinda arc gusohoka.Umugozi wo gusudira ushyushye kandi ushongeshejwe na arc ugwa muburyo bwibitonyanga hanyuma ukavanga nicyuma gikozwe mumashanyarazi kugirango ugire pisine yashongeshejwe.Icyapa gike cyane kireremba kuri pisine yashongeshejwe.Usibye kwigunga no gukingira ibyuma bya pisine byashongeshejwe, icyuma gishongeshejwe nacyo gihura nicyuma cya metallurgjiya hamwe nicyuma cya pisine cyashongeshejwe mugihe cyo gusudira, bityo bikagira ingaruka kumiterere yicyuma cyasizwe.Arc igenda imbere, kandi icyuma gishongeshejwe icyuma gishonga gahoro gahoro hanyuma koroha kugirango kibe icyuma.Nyuma yuko igishishwa cyashongeshejwe kireremba hejuru yikidendezi gishongeshejwe, hakozwe igikonjo kugirango gikomeze kurinda isuderi ku bushyuhe bwinshi no kwirinda ko iba okiside.Dutanga flux ya SAW,SJ101,SJ301,SJ302

Igicapo 5. Gazi Tungsten Arc Weld-TIG

Gas Tungsten Arc Weld / Tungsten Inert Gas Welding (GTAW cyangwa TIG)

Gusudira TIG bivuga uburyo bwo gusudira arc bukoresha tungsten cyangwa tungsten alloy (thorium tungsten, cerium tungsten, nibindi) nka electrode na argon nka gaze ikingira, bita gusudira TIG cyangwa GTAW.Mugihe cyo gusudira, ibyuma byuzuza birashobora kongerwaho cyangwa kutongerwaho ukurikije uburyo bwa groove ya weld hamwe nimikorere yicyuma.Ibyuma byuzuza mubisanzwe byongewe imbere yimbere ya arc.Bitewe n'umwihariko wa aluminium-magnesium n'ibikoresho byayo bivanze, gusudira AC tungsten arc birakenewe mu gusudira, naho gusudira DC tungsten arc bikoreshwa mubindi bikoresho by'icyuma.Kugirango ugenzure ubushyuhe bwinjiza, pulsed argon tungsten arc gusudira ni byinshi kandi bikoreshwa cyane.Ahanini ikoreshwa rya TIG yo gusudira niAWS ER70S-6, ER80S-G,ER4043,ER5356,HS221n'ibindi.

 Igicapo 5. Gusudira kwa Plasma Arc

Plasma Arc Welding (PAW)

Plasma arc nuburyo bwihariye bwa arc.Arc nayo ni tungsten cyangwa tungsten alloy (thorium tungsten, cerium tungsten, nibindi) nka electrode ya arc, ikoresha argon nka gaze ikingira, ariko electrode ya tungsten ntabwo iva mumatako, ahubwo ikuramo Imbere ya nozzle, nozzle ni amazi akonje, azwi kandi nka nozzle ikonje.Gazi ya inert igabanyijemo ibice bibiri, igice kimwe ni gaze isohoka hagati ya electrode ya tungsten na nozzle ikonjesha amazi, bita gaze ya ion;ikindi gice ni gaze isohoka hagati ya nozzle ikonjesha amazi hamwe na gazi ikingira, yitwa Shielding gas, ikoresha plasma arc nkisoko yubushyuhe bwo gusudira, gukata, gutera, gutera hejuru, nibindi.

 Igicapo 5 Gusudira Ibyuma-Inert

Gusudira Ibyuma Byuma (MIG)

MIG gusudira bivuze ko insinga yo gusudira isimbuza tungsten electrode.Umugozi wo gusudira ubwawo ni umwe mu nkingi za arc, ukina uruhare rwo gutwara amashanyarazi no gutereta, kandi mugihe kimwe nibikoresho byuzuza, bikomeza gushonga no kuzuzwa muri weld munsi yibikorwa bya arc.Gazi ikingira ikunze gukoreshwa hafi ya arc irashobora kuba inert gaze Ar, gaze ikora CO₂, cyangwa Ar + CO₂gaze ivanze.MIG welding ikoresha Ar nka gaze ikingira yitwa MIG welding;Gusudira MIG ikoresha CO₂nka gazi ikingira yitwa CO₂gusudira.MIG izwi cyane niAWS ER70S-6, ER80S-G.

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